Kratom

Kratom as it relates to DILI in Health report: Genetics of Antibiotics-Induced Liver Injury

Kratom and Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI)

Kratom, a tropical tree native to Southeast Asia, has gained popularity in the United States as an herbal supplement used for its stimulant and opioid-like effects. However, there have been increasing reports of liver injury associated with kratom use, leading to concerns about its safety and potential for causing Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI).

Several case reports and studies have linked kratom consumption to liver damage, with symptoms ranging from mild liver enzyme elevations to severe hepatitis and even acute liver failure. The exact mechanisms by which kratom may cause liver injury are not fully understood, but it is believed that certain compounds in kratom may be toxic to the liver or trigger an immune response leading to liver damage.

It is important for healthcare providers to be aware of the potential risks of kratom use, especially in patients with pre-existing liver conditions or those taking medications that can affect liver function. Patients who develop symptoms such as jaundice, abdominal pain, or dark urine while using kratom should seek medical attention promptly to evaluate for possible DILI.

In conclusion, while kratom may have potential therapeutic benefits, its association with liver injury highlights the importance of caution and further research to better understand the risks and benefits of its use.

Supplements for DILI

Here are some dietary supplements related to the content in this report. Click the shopping cart to purchase the supplement from our partners.

  1. Green tea extract

    Contains catechins which may increase oxidative stress and liver cell damage when combined with hepatotoxic antibiotics.

  2. Greater celandine

    Alkaloids like chelidonine may further impair liver function when the organ is under stress from antibiotics.

  3. Chaparral

    Nordamnacanthal is a quinone that could synergistically increase antibiotic liver toxicity through mitochondrial dysfunction.

  4. Germander

    Diterpenoids may amplify antibiotic liver injury by disrupting bile salt export and causing cholestasis.

  5. Mistletoe

    Contains toxic lectins which could worsen immunological reactions or alter detox pathways of antibiotic metabolites.

  6. Skullcap

    Flavonoids may inhibit pathways involved in hepatic metabolism and clearance of antibiotics from the liver.

  7. Valerian

    Isovaltrate and other constituents thought to directly damage cell membranes, potentially worsening antibiotic hepatocellular toxicity.

  8. Kava kava

    Kavalactones like desmethoxyyangonin may inhibit CYP450 liver enzymes important for antibiotic clearance.

  9. St. John's wort

    Hyperforin alters PXR nuclear receptors and could decrease bile acid transport, contributing to antibiotic cholestasis.

  10. Ginseng

    Ginsenosides may inhibit P-glycoprotein transporters important for antibiotic efflux from hepatocytes, allowing accumulation of toxic levels.

  11. Aloe vera

    Anthraquinone glycosides possibly damage cell membranes and worsen antibiotic-mediated liver cell necrosis.

  12. Ashwagandha

    Withanolides thought to cause oxidative stress which synergizes with redox-cycling antibiotic metabolites.

  13. Andrographis

    Diterpene lactones may reduce bile acid secretion and flow, contributing to cholestatic injury.

  14. Noni juice

    Anthraquinones could impair mitochondrial function and increase antibiotic hepatotoxicity.

  15. Peppermint oil

    Menthol interferes with CYP450s and UGTs involved in antibiotic metabolism and clearance.

  16. Kratom

    Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine are metabolized in liver and could enhance antibiotic toxicity.

  17. Ephedra

    Ephedrine alkaloids may deplete glutathione and reduce the liver's defense against antibiotic oxidative damage.

It is essential to consult your healthcare provider before starting any of these supplements. They can have side effects, and some may interact with medications or other supplements you're already taking.
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