Depression is a serious mental health condition that affects millions of people around the world. While the exact cause of depression is not known, research has shown that certain genetic factors may play a role in its development. One such gene is the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene.

BDNF is a protein that helps to regulate the growth and survival of neurons in the brain. It is believed to be involved in the development of new neurons and the maintenance of existing neurons. Studies have shown that people with certain variations in the BDNF gene may be at an increased risk of developing depression.

One study found that people with a particular variation in the BDNF gene were more likely to experience depression than those without the variation. This variation was associated with a decrease in the amount of BDNF produced in the brain. Other studies have also found that people with certain variations in the BDNF gene may be more likely to experience depression.

The BDNF gene provides instructions for making a protein found in the brain and spinal cord called brain-derived neurotrophic factor. This protein promotes the growth, maturation, and maintenance of nerve cells. The BDNF protein helps regulate synaptic plasticity, which is important for learning and memory. The BDNF protein is found in regions of the brain that control eating, drinking, and body weight; the protein likely contributes to the management of these functions. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with antidepressant response on the cellular level.

The study examined the relationship between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, brain BDNF protein level, and major depression. It found that the Met allele (a minor variant of the BDNF gene) is associated with an increased risk for depression. Depressed patients also had lower BDNF levels in 2 brain regions, namely the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and caudal brainstem (pons), compared with nondepressed subjects. Additionally, lower BDNF levels in ACC were found in subjects who had been exposed to early life adversity and/or died by suicide compared with nonsuicide decedents and no reported childhood adversity. This study may aid in identifying the possible mechanism by which altered BDNF expression contributes to MDD and suicide.

It is important to note that having a variation in the BDNF gene does not necessarily mean that a person will develop depression. There are many other factors that can contribute to the development of depression, such as environmental and lifestyle factors.

However, understanding the role of the BDNF gene in depression can help researchers better understand the causes of depression and develop more effective treatments. It can also help healthcare providers identify people who may be at an increased risk of developing depression and provide them with the appropriate care and support.