Chaparral

Chaparral as it relates to DILI in Health report: Genetics of Antibiotics-Induced Liver Injury

Chaparral, also known as creosote bush, is a plant native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It has been used traditionally by Native American tribes for its medicinal properties, including its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, chaparral has been associated with cases of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). DILI is a condition where the liver is damaged as a result of exposure to certain medications or herbal supplements. In the case of chaparral, the specific compound believed to be responsible for liver toxicity is nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA). Studies have shown that chaparral can cause liver damage in some individuals, leading to symptoms such as jaundice, fatigue, and abdominal pain. In severe cases, chaparral-induced liver injury can progress to acute liver failure, which can be life-threatening. Due to the potential risk of liver toxicity, the use of chaparral as a medicinal herb has been restricted or banned in some countries. It is important for individuals considering using chaparral or any herbal supplement to consult with a healthcare provider to discuss the potential risks and benefits, especially if they have a history of liver disease or are taking medications that may interact with chaparral. References: 1. Stickel F, Shouval D. Hepatotoxicity of herbal and dietary supplements: an update. Arch Toxicol. 2015;89(6):851-865. doi:10.1007/s00204-015-1471-1 2. Teschke R, Wolff A, Frenzel C, Schulze J. Review article: Herbal hepatotoxicity--an update on traditional Chinese medicine preparations. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;40(1):32-50. doi:10.1111/apt.12798

Supplements for DILI

Here are some dietary supplements related to the content in this report. Click the shopping cart to purchase the supplement from our partners.

  1. Green tea extract

    Contains catechins which may increase oxidative stress and liver cell damage when combined with hepatotoxic antibiotics.

  2. Greater celandine

    Alkaloids like chelidonine may further impair liver function when the organ is under stress from antibiotics.

  3. Chaparral

    Nordamnacanthal is a quinone that could synergistically increase antibiotic liver toxicity through mitochondrial dysfunction.

  4. Germander

    Diterpenoids may amplify antibiotic liver injury by disrupting bile salt export and causing cholestasis.

  5. Mistletoe

    Contains toxic lectins which could worsen immunological reactions or alter detox pathways of antibiotic metabolites.

  6. Skullcap

    Flavonoids may inhibit pathways involved in hepatic metabolism and clearance of antibiotics from the liver.

  7. Valerian

    Isovaltrate and other constituents thought to directly damage cell membranes, potentially worsening antibiotic hepatocellular toxicity.

  8. Kava kava

    Kavalactones like desmethoxyyangonin may inhibit CYP450 liver enzymes important for antibiotic clearance.

  9. St. John's wort

    Hyperforin alters PXR nuclear receptors and could decrease bile acid transport, contributing to antibiotic cholestasis.

  10. Ginseng

    Ginsenosides may inhibit P-glycoprotein transporters important for antibiotic efflux from hepatocytes, allowing accumulation of toxic levels.

  11. Aloe vera

    Anthraquinone glycosides possibly damage cell membranes and worsen antibiotic-mediated liver cell necrosis.

  12. Ashwagandha

    Withanolides thought to cause oxidative stress which synergizes with redox-cycling antibiotic metabolites.

  13. Andrographis

    Diterpene lactones may reduce bile acid secretion and flow, contributing to cholestatic injury.

  14. Noni juice

    Anthraquinones could impair mitochondrial function and increase antibiotic hepatotoxicity.

  15. Peppermint oil

    Menthol interferes with CYP450s and UGTs involved in antibiotic metabolism and clearance.

  16. Kratom

    Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine are metabolized in liver and could enhance antibiotic toxicity.

  17. Ephedra

    Ephedrine alkaloids may deplete glutathione and reduce the liver's defense against antibiotic oxidative damage.

It is essential to consult your healthcare provider before starting any of these supplements. They can have side effects, and some may interact with medications or other supplements you're already taking.
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